WATER SUPPLY OF CITIES

External control of the public water supply in 29 Brazilian cities.

The fluoridation of public water supplies is considered the most efficient public health measure for dental caries prevention. However, fluoride levels in the public water supply must be kept constant and adequate for the population to gain preventive benefit. The aim of this study was to analyze fluoride levels in the public water supply of 29 Brazilian municipalities during a 48-month period ...

Head-Driven Simulation of Water Supply Networks

Up to now most of the existing water supply network analyses have been based on demand-driven simulation models. These models assume that nodal outflows are fixed and are always available. However, this method of simulation neglects the pressure-dependent nature of demand that is characterized by changes in actual nodal outflows particularly during critical events like major mechanical or hydra...

Assessment of water supply system and water quality of Lighvan village using water safety plan

Background: Continuous expansion of potable water pollution sources is one of the main concerns of water suppliers, therefore measures such as water safety plan (WSP), have been taken into account to control these sources of pollution. The aim of this study was to identify probable risks and threatening hazards to drinking water quality in Lighvan village along with assessment of bank filtratio...

Secure Water Supply

Previous to 9-11, it was assumed that a combination of small-scale bench testing plus dimensional analysis would be sufficient to model fate and transport of chemical and biological (CB) contaminants in water systems. Water security is a life safety issue. Water supply systems on military installations and forward facilities are vulnerable to both conventional, industrial and military CB agent ...

Rural Water Supply Network